Anne Boleyn, National Portrait Gallery |
I am often told that readers are fed up with Tudors. They know the stories, they’ve heard it all.
The need for Tudor novels is over. But the reading public doesn’t seem to
believe that. Since I first became an author of historical novels the most
recurrent question has been, “Have you written any Tudor books?”
It seems to me that the reading public, both in England and
especially overseas, cannot get enough of Henry and his wives. I think the
reason for this is not just the glitz and the danger of Henry’s court; it is
the many different interpretations we can put upon the stories and the people
that inhabit them. There are more explanations for what went on than there are
stars in the skies, and there are novelists enough to encompass them all. Added
to that of course is that new generations are emerging all the time; a new
batch of people who know nothing about the Tudors.
Anne Boleyn remains the number one favourite; the wife that
everyone loves to read about. She has been depicted in many different ways; a
schemer, a witch, a victim, a whore. She has been demonised by some novelists,
and sanctified by others but how close to we ever come to the real Anne? We can
never really know the truth about her, we can only piece little snippets
together to make up a shadow of the real woman. That is what makes history, and
enigmatic figures like Anne, so irresistible. Anne Boleyn was, and still is, a
fascinating woman who deserves after all this time a fair reappraisal of her life
and death.
In his nonfiction book The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn,
Eric Ives, now sadly passed on, reveals
a credible figure. He has done the hard work for us, demolishing many of the
myths that in the space of several centuries have solidified into fact, and
illustrating that what remains is an intelligent, ambitious, but God-fearing
woman who happened to win the love of a king.
It is refreshing to discover that perhaps Anne was not a
scheming witch with a penchant for sleeping with half the court, (her brother
included). Nor was she a woman who gave birth to a monster and plotted the
death of the king. Ives’ research reveals someone more sinned against than
sinning, and a woman whose mistakes were human ones. Anne was a queen who
failed to produce an heir, and a woman who fell foul of the King’s most
powerful advisers. The woman that
emerges from Ives’ research is the Anne Boleyn that walks the pages of my novel
The Kiss of the Concubine.
To be honest, the real Anne is so obscured by myth and
legend that we know much less about her than we think we do. We are not even
sure what she looked like. We think of her as dark haired and thin but the
familiar portraits we see of her are not contemporary; the originals were lost
long ago. Experts disagree, but the oldest 17th century portrait now in the
National Portrait Gallery is likely to be a copy of an original, and is
favoured by Eric Ives as being the one that comes closest to a real likeness.
There are several written descriptions from her contemporaries
and, while none rate her as a great beauty, none remark upon any physical
failing either. The fact that she doesn’t emerge as breathtakingly beautiful is
refreshing, and illustrates that Henry may have been more taken with the
personality within, than with an alluring or fashionable face and figure.
Brantome, a courtier from France, wrote in his memoirs that
Anne Boleyn was ‘the fairest and most bewitching of all the lovely dames of the
French court.’ (Weir, p. 151) And Lancelot de Carles stated that she was
beautiful with an elegant figure and was ‘so graceful that you would never have
taken her for an Englishwoman, but for a Frenchwoman born.’ (Weir, p. 151)
This is praise indeed, perhaps a little too flattering to be
true, and many eyewitnesses agree that her looks were unfashionable and not to
every one’s taste. As Francesco Sanuto, a Venetian diplomat, illustrates with
his description of Anne as ‘Not one of
the handsomest women in the world; she is of middling stature, swarthy
complexion, long neck, wide mouth, a bosom not much raised and eyes which are
black and beautiful.’ (Ives, p. 40)
It is only after her death that the really detrimental
reports begin to emerge. Writing in the reign of Elizabeth I, Catholic
supporter, Nicholas Sander, describes Anne as, “rather tall of stature, with
black hair and an oval face of sallow complexion, as if troubled with jaundice.
She had a projecting tooth under the upper lip, and on her right hand, six
fingers. There was a large wen under her
chin, and therefore to hide its ugliness, she wore a high dress covering her
throat. In this she was followed by the ladies of the court, who also wore high
dresses, having before been in the habit of leaving their necks and the upper
portion of their person uncovered.” (Ives. P.39)
attributed to John Hoskins [Public domain] |
But, although there are common factors when it comes to
colouring and bone structure in all these descriptions, I think we can dismiss
the idea that she was seriously disfigured in any way. The 16th century was a
superstitious time and the characteristics described here all point to
witchcraft. It is a clear attempt by Sander to demonise the former queen. Even
had the king not been superstitious, I cannot image Henry VIII, who had the
pick of the court ladies, finding a woman disfigured in this way to be even
remotely attractive, let alone spend seven years of his life trying to get her
into his bed. You can read a more in depth look at Anne’s appearance on an
earlier blog I wrote for the English Historical Fiction Authors here.
Anne was accused of adultery, incest, high treason, and
plotting to kill the King, and she died for those crimes. Yet none of these
charges would stand up in a modern day courtroom. Eric Ives states that it can
be proved that she was elsewhere on at least twelve of the occasions when she
is supposed to have been committing adultery. The only actual ‘confession’ came
from her musician Mark Smeaton, who we believe was subjected to torture in the
Tower. Although Anne’s sister in law, Jane Rochford, gave evidence against Anne
and her husband, George, she later retracted it in February 1542 before she
herself faced execution for her involvement with Katherine Howard’s downfall.
While Anne was imprisoned in the Tower, Henry had his
marriage to her annulled on the grounds of his former relationship with Anne’s
sister, Mary. This made their daughter Elizabeth illegitimate. In truth, this
should also have made the charge of adultery invalid, but this was Tudor
England when justice was anything but just.
So, those are the bare facts. We can assume Anne was dark,
and had attractive eyes and an oval face. We know she was intelligent and
witty; even her detractors credit her with that. We know she was pious and
refused to be Henry’s mistress, holding out until he promised marriage. That
could make her a schemer, but equally it could make her chaste. During her
marriage to Henry she tried and failed to produce a son, suffering several
miscarriages and providing the king with just one daughter, later to become the
greatest queen that has ever lived, Elizabeth. We also know that Anne worked in
tandem with Cromwell and others toward church reform, and we also know that at
a later stage there was a disagreement between them, and Anne’s downfall
followed swiftly after.
Most novels of Anne I have read (but I confess I haven’t
read them all) hold Henry alone to blame for Anne’s downfall. They show him as
falling out of love with Anne, and place Jane Seymour as the sinister ‘other
woman’ whose presence at court and her influence over the fickle king makes Anne’s
fall inevitable. There is little evidence to suggest this and perhaps there
were other reasons; perhaps another agenda came into play. Perhaps it was
politics and not passion that killed her.
In writing The Kiss of the Concubine I have worked closely
with the writing of Eric Ives and other prominent Tudor historians to come up
with a less clichéd reason as to why Anne Boleyn had to die on that bright May
morning in 1536.
The Kiss of the Concubine is now published with Sharpe Books and is available on Kindle and Audible or you can read FREE with Kindle Unlimited. mybook.to/tkoc2
Further reading
Lispcombe, Susannah, 1536: The Year that Changed Henry VIII,
2009.
Fraser, A. The Six Wives of Henry VIII, 1992.
Ives, E. The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, 2004.
Weir, A. The Six Wives of Henry VIII, 2007.
Weir, A. Mary Boleyn, 2011.
Weir, A. The Lady in the Tower,2009.
Fox, J. Jane Boleyn, 2007.
Denny, J. Anne Boleyn, 2007.
Very interesting. Hollywood has always portrayed her as some great beauty though her portraits depict her as rather plain, even considering the artistic licence of those times
ReplyDeleteMaybe having watched 'The Other Boleyn Girl' too many times, I kind of picture Anne as a Natalie Portman kinda' gal :). I don't really believe the crimes against Anne. I believe she was desperate to produce a male heir, but more than anything I believe she was a political victim.
ReplyDeleteWell I AM tired of the Tudors but i do love Kiss of the Concubine. Judith, can we email?
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